The source of massage is thought to be ancient Ayurvedic herbs prescribed for menstrual cramps, indigestion, headache, cramps, sore throats, flu, upset stomachs, migraines, sinusitis, and asthma. Early Chinese developed a publication called The Yellow Emperor's Classic Book of Internal Medicine, which is today often known as a classic text on massage alternative medicine. This text clarified the origin, effects, and therapeutic uses of various herbs including ginger, mix, mulberry, gingko biloba, yarrow, sage, slippery elm, barberry, cypress, myrrh, yarrow, hellebore, horsetail, Angelica plant, ginkgo biloba, grapefruit, squash, and peanut. According to this publication, all these herbs has different qualities that are suited for different conditions and are effective in relieving pain and soothing the skin. The book also recommended a range of massage strokes and techniques such as using palm, buttocks, back, shoulder blade, leg, and facial strokes.